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lamaPLC: Waveshare LoRA products
Waveshare offers a diverse range of LoRa and LoRaWAN products, primarily categorized into Gateways for network infrastructure, HATs/Expansion Boards for Raspberry Pi/Pico, Arduino, and standalone Core Modules for embedded integration.
| Product Category | Example Models | Primary Chip | Interface | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LoRaWAN Gateway | SX1302/SX1303 868M Gateway HAT | SX1302 / SX1303 | SPI (via Mini-PCIe) | 8-10 channels, multi-node concurrency, high sensitivity (-141dBm) |
| Plug-and-play USB interface | USB-TO-LoRa-xF | SX1262 | USB/UART (with AT commands | LF for 410–510MHz or HF for 850–930MHz |
| Node Expansion HAT | SX1262 LoRaWAN/GNSS HAT | SX1262 | SPI | Standard 40-pin GPIO, integrated GPS (GNSS) on some models, LoRaWAN support |
| Point-to-Point HAT | SX1262/SX1268 LoRa HAT | SX1262 / SX1268 | UART | Proprietary “private” protocol, does not support LoRaWAN, easy AT command config |
| Development Boards | RP2040-LoRa | SX1262 + RP2040 | Internal SPI | All-in-one MCU + LoRa board, USB-C programming, compact form factor |
| Core Modules | Core1262 HF/LF | SX1262 | SPI | Minimalist stamp-hole design for direct soldering onto custom PCBs |
| Industrial DTU | SX1262-LoRa-DTU-xF | SX1262 | RS232/485/422 | Rail-mount, aluminum alloy case, long-range wireless serial bridge |
Important Selection Criteria
- LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Many Waveshare HATs are split by protocol. The UART Interface models often use a proprietary protocol and cannot connect to standard LoRaWAN gateways such as The Things Network.
- Frequency Bands: Waveshare typically offers each product in two versions: LF (Low Frequency) for 410–510MHz (e.g., CN470) and HF (High Frequency) for 850–930MHz (e.g., EU868, US915).
- Interface Choice: Use SPI products if you want full control via libraries (like RadioHead or LMIC); use UART or USB versions for simple plug-and-play serial data transmission.
USB-TO-LoRa-xF02
The USB-TO-LoRa-xF is an industrial-grade wireless data transfer unit from Waveshare that provides a plug-and-play USB interface for LoRa communication. It is designed to allow computers or other USB-enabled hosts to communicate over long distances using the Semtech SX1262 chip.
The “xF” in the name refers to the frequency version (e.g., LF for 410–510 MHz or HF for 850–930 MHz), and “02” typically denotes a specific hardware iteration or feature set.
USB-TO-LoRa-xF02 Lora AT commands
| AT command | Status query | Type query | Description | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| +++\r\n | Enter AT command mode | |||
| AT+EXIT\r\n | Exit AT command mode | |||
| ATE\r\n | Enable/disable AT command echo | |||
| AT+VER\r\n | Check the software version number | |||
| AT+HELP\r\n | View AT help | |||
| AT+REBOOT\r\n | Reboot | |||
| After all parameter changing use AT+EXIT to save the parameters! | ||||
| AT+SF=7\r\n | AT+SF? | AT+SF=? | Set the spreading factor, the value range is 7~12 SF7: Highest data rate, shortest range, and lowest power consumption per packet. SF12: Lowest data rate, longest range, and highest sensitivity for penetrating obstacles. Default value: 7 | |
| AT+BW=0\r\n | AT+BW? | AT+BW=? | Set bandwidth, 0 means 125KHz, 1 means 250KHz, 2 means 500KHz | |
| AT+CR=1\r\n | AT+CR? | AT+CR=? | Set the encoding rate to 1, 1 represents 4/5, 2 represents 4/6, 3 represents 4/7, 4 represents 4/8 | |
| AT+PWR=22\r\n | AT+PWR? | AT+PWR=? | Set the RF power, the value range is 10~22dBm Selectable Values: 10, 13, 17, or 22 Higher power levels (e.g., 22 dBm) provide the longest communication range but consume more power. At maximum power (22 dBm), the module's transient transmit current can reach approximately 100 mA to 107 mA. Default: 22 | |
| AT+NETID=0\r\n | AT+NETID? | AT+NETID=? | Network ID assignment, the value range is 0~65535 Only modules with the same Network ID, Frequency, and Air Speed can communicate with each other. Default: 0 | |
| AT+LBT=0\r\n | AT+LBT? | AT+LBT=? | Enable/disable LBT (Listen Before Talk) function, 0: disable, 1: enable module enables or disables the Listen Before Talk (LBT) function. This feature is designed to prevent data collisions by ensuring the radio channel is clear before the module begins its own transmission. In some regions (such as parts of Europe for the 868MHz band), LBT is a required alternative to strict “Duty Cycle” limitations to ensure fair access to the spectrum. Default: 0 | |
| AT+MODE=1\r\n | AT+MODE? | AT+MODE=? | DTU working mode, 1: stream mode, 2: packet mode, 3: relay mode Stream Mode (AT+MODE=1): The factory default mode. It functions as a “virtual cable,” where data sent to the serial port is transmitted immediately in plaintext to all other modules on the same channel. Packet Mode (AT+MODE=2): Used for targeted point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication. In this mode, you must prefix your data with the target device's Address and Channel (e.g., FF FE 12 + data). Relay Mode (AT+MODE=3): Configures the module to act as a repeater node to extend the transmission range. In this mode, the device only forwards packets and does not output data to its own serial interface. | |
| AT+TXCH=18\r\n | AT+TXCH? | AT+TXCH=? | Transmit channel, value range 0~80, corresponding frequency point is 850~930MHz or 410~490MHz LF Version (usually labeled “LF” or marked with a 433MHz sticker) Formula: Frequency (MHz) = 410 + Channel Range: Channel 0: 410 MHz, Channel 23: 433 MHz (Default), Channel 80: 490 MHz Default: 23 (corresponding to 433 MHz). - Example: AT+TXCH=23 sets the frequency to 433 MHz (410 + 23). - Example: AT+TXCH=80 sets the frequency to 490 MHz (410 + 80). HF Version (usually labeled “HF” or marked with an 868/915MHz sticker) Formula: Frequency (MHz) = 850 + Channel Range: 850 MHz (Channel 0) to 930 MHz (Channel 80) Default Value: 18 (corresponding to 868 MHz) - Example: 868 MHz: AT+TXCH=18\r\n (Standard for Europe) - Example: 915 MHz: AT+TXCH=65\r\n (Standard for North America/Australia) - Example: 923 MHz: AT+TXCH=73\r\n (Common in Asia) | |
| AT+RXCH=18\r\n | AT+RXCH? | AT+RXCH=? | Receive channel, value range 0~80, corresponding frequency point is 850~930MHz or 410~490MHz LF Version (usually labeled “LF” or marked with a 433MHz sticker) Formula: Frequency (MHz) = 410 + Channel Range: Channel 0: 410 MHz, Channel 23: 433 MHz (Default), Channel 80: 490 MHz Default: 23 (corresponding to 433 MHz). - Example: AT+TXCH=23 sets the frequency to 433 MHz (410 + 23). - Example: AT+TXCH=80 sets the frequency to 490 MHz (410 + 80). HF Version (usually labeled “HF” or marked with an 868/915MHz sticker) Formula: Frequency (MHz) = 850 + Channel Range: 850 MHz (Channel 0) to 930 MHz (Channel 80) Default Value: 18 (corresponding to 868 MHz) - Example: 868 MHz: AT+TXCH=18\r\n (Standard for Europe) - Example: 915 MHz: AT+TXCH=65\r\n (Standard for North America/Australia) - Example: 923 MHz: AT+TXCH=73\r\n (Common in Asia) | |
| AT+RSSI=0\r\n | AT+RSSI? | AT+RSSI=? | Enable/disable RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) signal value output, 0: disable, 1: enable. When enabled, the module appends a hexadecimal RSSI value to the end of every received data packet. Signal Quality: Typical LoRa RSSI values range from -30 dBm (very strong) to -120 dBm (very weak). Default:0 | |
| AT+ADDR=0\r\n | AT+ADDR? | AT+ADDR=? | Set DTU (Data Transfer Unit) address, value range 0~65535 This address acts as the device's identity within a network. Broadcast Address: 65535 (Hex 0xFFFF). Setting a module to this address allows it to receive data from any other module on the same channel, regardless of the sender's target address. Default:0 | |
| AT+PORT=0\r\n | AT+PORT? | AT+PORT=? | The command is used to select the active hardware interface mode on the module. Values: 1: RS485 2: RS232 3: USB (Typically the default for this specific dongle) Typically, you do not need to change it unless you are using the same firmware on a different DTU hardware variant. | |
| AT+KEY=0\r\n | AT+KEY? | AT+KEY=? | Used to configure AES encryption for wireless data transmission, value range: 0: Disables encryption (factory default) 1 to 65535: Sets the specific key value for AES encryption | |
| AT+BAUD=115200\r\n | AT+BAUD? | AT+BAUD=? | Set COMx port baud rate, value range 1200~115200, 1200, 2400, ….., 57600, Common Values: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200. Default: 115200 | |
| AT+COMM=“8N1”\r\n | AT+COMM? | AT+COMM=? | Set COM port parameters, data bits: 8 or 9, parity: N, O, E, stop bits: 0, 1, 2, Default: 8N1 | |
| AT+AllP=xx\r\n | AT+ALLP? | Set the spreading factor to key multi-parameter [spreading factor 7..12],[bandwidth 125/250/500],[encoding rate 1..4],[RF power 10/13/17/22],[Network ID 0..65535],[LBT function 0/1],[DTU Mode 1/2/3],[Transmit channel 0..80],[Receive channel 0..80],[RSSI signal 0/1],[DTU address 0..65535],[Application Port 1..223],[Baud rate 1200..115200],[COM port “8N1”],[AES Key 0..65535] Example: AT+AllP=7,125,1,22,0,0,1,18,18,0,0,3,115200, “8N1”,0 | ||
| AT+RESTORE=0\r\n | AT+RESTORE? | resets all configuration parameters to their factory default settings. 0: disabled, 1: enabled | ||
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