LamaPLC: Distance measurement / Gesture Recognition

Ultra-Sonic Ranger sensors
This solution consists of two elements, a speaker that emits sound pulses and a microphone that detects their reflection. The distance can be calculated from the time elapsed between the release and the detection - using the speed of sound propagation.

Infrared distance sensors
The sensor is the so-called it works with the triangulation method. The sensor emits a narrow infrared light beam (wavelength of IR light is 850nm ± 70nm). The emitted IR light is reflected from objects. The sensor uses an optic to map the reflected light onto a CCD. Depending on how far away the target is, the reflected light comes back at a different angle and is focused on different CCD pixels accordingly. The distance can be determined from this.

Laser distance sensors
Laser sensors - just like IR sensors - are the so-called they work with the triangulation method. The laser beam emitted by the sensor, reflected from the measured surface, is projected through a lens onto the surface of the sensor's CCD or CMOS light sensor. As the reflective surface approaches and moves away, the position of the point projected onto the light sensor also changes, which is evaluated by the electronics to determine the distance.

Type of measurement	Name	Sensors	Description
Ultra-Sonic	HC SR04	-	The module returns the echo time of the sound. The distance can be calculated based on the following formula: *Test distance = (echo time sound speed (340 m/s)) ÷ 2 Power supply: 5V DC** Working current: < 2 mA Sensing angle: < 15° Detection range: 2 .. 450 cm Reliability: not reliable Arduino library: ✔
Time-of-Flight (ToF) Laser sensor	VL53L0X	-	Operating voltage 2.6 .. 5V DC Infrared light at 940 nm I²C communication, default addr.: 0x29 Responsive time: 50ms Range: - normal mode 0 .. 1000mm - far mode 0 .. 2000mm 1% deviation at distances up to 1m (more than 10% at 2m) Arduino library: ✔
Proximity and ambient light sensing (ALS) module	VL6180X	-	Operating voltage 2.6 .. 3V DC Infrared light at 850 nm I²C communication, default addr.: 0x29 (7-bit) Responsive time: 50ms Range: 0 .. 100 mm Ambient Light Sensor Arduino library: ✔
Time-of-Flight (ToF) Laser sensor	TOF050C TOF200C TOF400C VL53L1X	-	IC: VL53L1X Operating voltage 3 .. 5V DC Infrared light at 850/940 nm I²C communication, default addr.: 0x52 Viewing Angle (FOV): 27° Range: - TOF050C: 20 .. 500mm - TOF200C: 30 .. 2000mm - TOF400C: 400 .. 4000mm Pins: VCC: 3.3V/5V power input GND: ground SDA: I2C data pin SCL: I2C clock pin SHUT: shutdown control, connects to IO pin INT: interrupt output, connects to IO pin \\Arduino library: ✔
Integrated Gesture Recognition Sensor	Pixart Imaging Inc PAJ7620U2 GY-PAJ7620	-	Operating voltage 2.8 .. 3.6V DC Array Size: 60×60 pixels Gesture speed is 60~600°/s in Normal Mode and 60~1200°/s in Gaming Mode gesture detecting range from 5 .. 15cm I²C communication, default addr.: 0x73 Arduino library: ✔ Dokumentation extern
Digital Proximity and Ambient Light Sensor (ALS)	Avago APDS-9900	-	Operating voltage 2.5 .. 3.6V DC Approximates Human Eye Response Low Lux Performance at 0.01 lux I²C communication, default addr.: 0x39 Range: 0 .. 100 mm Ambient Light Sensor Arduino library: ✔
Digital Proximity and Ambient Light Sensor (ALS)	Avago APDS-9930	-	Operating voltage 2.2 .. 3.6V DC Approximates Human Eye Response Low Lux Performance at 0.01 lux I²C communication, default addr.: 0x39 Range: 0 .. 100 mm Ambient Light Sensor Arduino library: ✔
Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor	Avago APDS-9960	-	Operating voltage 2.4 .. 3.6V DC Ambient Light and RGB Color Sensing, Proximity Sensing, and Gesture Detection in an Optical Module I²C communication, default addr.: 0x39 Range: 0 .. 100 mm Ambient Light Sensor Arduino library: ✔
Microwave radar sensor module	RCWL-0516	-	Operating voltage 4.0 .. 28.0 DC Human body induction switch module (3.181GHz) Analog output 3,3V (OUT) Detection distance: 7m Arduino library: ✔