[[basic_lora|>> Back to LoRa Main topics]]

====== lamaPLC: Waveshare LoRA products ======
Waveshare offers a diverse range of LoRa and LoRaWAN products, primarily categorized into Gateways for network infrastructure, HATs/Expansion Boards for Raspberry Pi/Pico, Arduino, and standalone Core Modules for embedded integration.

^Product Category^Example Models^Primary Chip^Interface^Key Features|
^LoRaWAN Gateway|SX1302/SX1303 868M Gateway HAT|SX1302 / SX1303|SPI (via Mini-PCIe)|8-10 channels, multi-node concurrency, high sensitivity (-141dBm)|
^Plug-and-play USB interface|[[#usb-to-lora-xf02|USB-TO-LoRa-xF]]|SX1262|USB/UART (with AT commands|**LF** for 410–510MHz or **HF** for 850–930MHz|
^Node Expansion HAT|SX1262 LoRaWAN/GNSS HAT|SX1262|SPI|Standard 40-pin GPIO, integrated GPS (GNSS) on some models, LoRaWAN support|
^Point-to-Point HAT|[[#waveshare_sx1262_sx1268_lora_hat#|SX1262/SX1268 LoRa HAT]]|SX1262 / SX1268|UART|Proprietary //"private"// protocol, does not support LoRaWAN, easy AT command config|
^Development Boards|[[#waveshare_rp2040-lora|RP2040-LoRa]]|SX1262 + RP2040|Internal SPI|All-in-one MCU + LoRa board, USB-C programming, compact form factor|
^Core Modules|[[#waveshare_core_1262_hf_lf|Core 1262 HF/LF]]|SX1262|SPI|Minimalist stamp-hole design for direct soldering onto custom PCBs|
^Industrial DTU|SX1262-LoRa-DTU-xF|SX1262|RS232/485/422|Rail-mount, aluminum alloy case, long-range wireless serial bridge|

**Important Selection Criteria**

  * **LoRa vs. LoRaWAN:** Many Waveshare HATs are split by protocol. The UART Interface models often use a proprietary protocol and cannot connect to standard LoRaWAN gateways such as The Things Network.
  * **Frequency Bands:** Waveshare typically offers each product in two versions: LF (Low Frequency) for 410–510MHz (e.g., CN470) and HF (High Frequency) for 850–930MHz (e.g., EU868, US915).
  * **Interface Choice:** Use SPI products if you want full control via libraries (like RadioHead or LMIC); use UART or USB versions for simple plug-and-play serial data transmission.

===== Waveshare USB-TO-LoRa-xF02 =====
{{ :com:usb-to-lora-xf02_1.png?180|USB-TO-LoRa-xF02}}
The USB-TO-LoRa-xF is an industrial-grade wireless data transfer unit from Waveshare that provides a plug-and-play USB interface for LoRa communication. It is designed to allow computers or other USB-enabled hosts to communicate over long distances using the Semtech SX1262 chip.

The "xF" in the name refers to the frequency version (e.g., LF for 410–510 MHz or HF for 850–930 MHz), and "02" typically denotes a specific hardware iteration or feature set.

==== USB-TO-LoRa-xF02 Lora AT commands ====
{{anchor:at}}
{{page>com:lora_at_commands}}

===== Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF =====
{{ :com:waveshare_core_1262_lf_hf_lora_module.png?180|Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF}}
The Waveshare Core1262 is a small LoRa module built around the latest Semtech SX1262 chip. It provides greater power efficiency and extended transmission range compared to the previous SX127x series. 

The module is available in two versions based on the operating frequency: 

  * **Core1262-HF (High Frequency):** Operates between 850 ~ 930MHz. It is primarily used in Europe, North America, and Oceania.
  * **Core1262-LF (Low Frequency):** Operates between 410 ~ 510MHz. It is typically used in Asia and Europe.

**Technical Specifications**

Both versions share common core specifications: 

  * **RF Chip:** Semtech SX1262.
  * **Modulation:** LoRa and (G)FSK.
  * **Transmit Power:** Up to +22dBm at 3.3V.
  *** Data Rate:** LoRa (0.018~62.5Kbps), (G)FSK (0.6~300Kbps).
  * **Communication Interface:** [[basic_spi|SPI]] (18MHz maximum speed).
  * **Operating Voltage:** 3.3V.
  * **Key Components:** Features an industrial-grade TCXO (//Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator//) for stable operation in harsh conditions (0~85°C).
  * **Documentation:** Detailed guides and example codes are available on the [[https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Core1262-868M|Waveshare Wiki]].

==== Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF Pinout ====
{{ :com:waveshare_core_1262_lf_hf_lora_module_2.png?160|Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF Pinout}}
^Pin Name^Type^Description|
^VCC|Power|3.3V power supply|
^GND|Ground|Ground connection|
^CS|Input|SPI Chip Select (Active Low)|
^SCK / CLK|Input|SPI Serial Clock (up to 18MHz)|
^MOSI|Input|SPI Master Out Slave In (Data to module)|
^MISO|Output|SPI Master In Slave Out (Data from module)|
^RESET|Input|External Reset; pull low for 100µs to restore defaults|
^BUSY|Output|Status pin; High means busy, Low means idle (ready for commands)|
^DIO1|Output|Configurable IRQ/Interrupt output (often used for RX/TX completion)|
^RXEN|Input|RF Switch Control; High for Receive mode|
^TXEN|Input|RF Switch Control; High for Transmit mode|
^ANT|RF|Antenna connection pin (can be used if not using the IPEX connector)|

==== Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF Wiring ==== 
Because the Core1262 operates at 3.3V, you must use a 3.3V Arduino (//like the MKR series//) or use level shifters if using a 5V Uno to avoid damaging the module.

|<100%>|
^Ra-01 Pin^Logic level converter^Arduino Pin (Uno/Nano)^Wire Color^Notes|
^VCC|Va - Vb|5V|<color red>♦</color> red|Power|
^GND|GND|GND|<color black>♦</color> black|Common ground|
^CLK|A1 - B1|D13|<color lightgreen>♦</color> lightgreen|SPI Clock|
^MISO|A2 - B2|D12|<color yellow>♦</color> yellow|SPI Master In Slave Out|
^MOSI|A3 - B3|D11|<color lightblue>♦</color> lightblue|SPI Master Out Slave In|
^CS/NSS|A4 - B4|D10|<color purple>♦</color> purple|Chip Select (CS)|
^RESET|A5 - B5|D9|<color darkblue>♦</color> darkblue|Reset Pin|
^BUSY|A6 - B6|D8|<color green>♦</color> green|Busy Pin|
^DIO1|A7 - B7|D2|<color orange>♦</color> orange|Interrupt Pin (Required for RX)|

{{ :com:arduino_txs0108e_waveshare_core_1262.png |Waveshare Core 1262 HF/LF Wiring}}

==== Arduino Example Code (using RadioLib)==== 

Install **RadioLib** via the Arduino Library Manager before uploading this code.

<code c>
#include <RadioLib.h>

// Pin definitions for Waveshare Core1262
// CS, DIO1, RESET, BUSY
SX1262 radio = new Module(10, 2, 9, 8);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize SX1262
  // Frequency: 868.0 MHz (HF) or 433.0 MHz (LF)
  Serial.print(F("[SX1262] Initializing ... "));
  int state = radio.begin(868.0); // Change to 433.0 for LF version

  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    Serial.println(F("success!"));
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("failed, code "));
    Serial.println(state);
    while (true);
  }
}

void loop() {
  Serial.print(F("[SX1262] Transmitting packet ... "));

  // Send a message
  int state = radio.transmit("Hello Waveshare!");

  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    Serial.println(F("success!"));
    // Print measured data rate
    Serial.print(F("[SX1262] Datarate:\t"));
    Serial.print(radio.getDataRate());
    Serial.println(F(" bps"));
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("failed, code "));
    Serial.println(state);
  }

  // Wait 2 seconds before next transmission
  delay(2000);
}
</code>

**Key Implementation Details**

HF vs. LF: Ensure you set the //radio.begin()// frequency to match your hardware (e.g., 868.0 for HF in Europe, 915.0 for HF in the USA, or 433.0 for LF).

  * **Busy Pin:** Unlike older SX127x modules, the SX1262 requires monitoring the BUSY pin; the library handles this automatically if the pin is correctly assigned in the constructor.
  * **TCXO Support:** Waveshare modules often use a TCXO. If the module fails to initialize, you may need to enable TCXO voltage in your setup using //radio.setTCXO(1.6)//;

===== Waveshare RP2040-LoRa =====
{{ :com:rp2040_lora.png?180|Waveshare RP2040-LoRa}}
The Waveshare RP2040-LoRa is a compact development board that combines Raspberry Pi's RP2040 microcontroller with the next-generation SX1262 RF chip for long-range wireless communication. It is designed for low-power IoT applications such as smart homes, industrial monitoring, and data acquisition.

**Key Specifications**

  * **Microcontroller:** Dual-core Arm Cortex M0+ running up to 133 MHz.
  * **Memory:** 264KB SRAM and 2MB onboard Flash memory.
  * **RF Chip:** SX1262, which offers better power efficiency and range than the older SX127X series.
  * **Sensitivity:** High reception sensitivity of -148dBm.
  * **Programmable Power:** Up to 22 dBm output power.
  * **Modulation:** Supports LoRa, FSK, and GFSK.
  * **GPIO:** Up to 20 multi-function GPIO pins.

**Frequency Versions**

The board is available in two versions tailored for different regional regulations:

  * **RP2040-LoRa-LF:** Low-frequency version (//410 ~ 525 MHz//), typically used in Europe and Asia.
  * **RP2040-LoRa-HF:** High-frequency version (//850 ~ 930 MHz//), used in Europe, North America, and Oceania.

**Development Resources**

  * **Programming:** Supports drag-and-drop programming over USB and can be developed using C/C++ (SDK provided) or Arduino (via libraries like RadioLib).
  * **Cloud Integration:** Compatible with LoRa gateways for connecting to cloud servers like //The Things Network// (**TTN**) and //ChirpStack//.
  * **Documentation:** Detailed guides and example codes are available on the [[https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/RP2040-LoRa|Waveshare Wiki]]. 

==== Waveshare RP2040-LoRa Pinout ====
{{ :com:rp2040_lora_2.png |Waveshare RP2040-LoRa Pinout}}


===== Waveshare SX1262/SX1268 LoRa HAT =====
{{ :com:sx1262_sx1268_lora_hat.png?180|Waveshare SX1262/SX1268 LoRa HAT}}
The **Waveshare SX1262/SX1268 LoRa HAT** is a Raspberry Pi expansion board designed for long-range wireless data transmission. It functions as a wireless serial port module, allowing devices like a Raspberry Pi, Arduino, or STM32 to communicate over several kilometers using LoRa modulation.

**Key Specifications**

  * **Communication Range:** Up to 5 km under ideal conditions.
  * **Chipsets & Frequencies:**
    * **SX1262:** Typically used for 868MHz (Europe) and 915MHz (Americas/Asia).
    * **SX1268:** Typically used for 433MHz and 470MHz (China/Asia).
  * **Protocol:** Uses a private protocol for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication; it does not natively support LoRaWAN.
  * **Interface:** Connects via the standard Raspberry Pi 40-pin GPIO or via an onboard **CP2102 USB-to-UART** converter for serial debugging. 

**Core Features**

  * **Operating Modes:** Controlled via jumpers (M0 and M1), supporting Transmission, Configuration, Wake-on-Radio (WOR), and Deep Sleep modes.
  * **Advanced Networking:** Supports auto multi-level repeating (relay) to extend transmission distance and fixed-point/broadcast transmission.
  * **Security & Reliability:** Features a customizable communication key for encrypted transmission and Listen Before Talk (LBT) to monitor channel noise before sending.
  * **Indicators:** Includes 4 LED indicators for monitoring power (PWR), RX/TX status, and auxiliary (AUX) activity.


===== Lora topics on lamaPLC =====
{{topic>Lora}}

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